Hope for Alzheimer’s

Mark Hyman, MD

Full Transcript

Automatically generated. Please forgive any typos or errors in the following transcript. It was generated by a third party and has not been subsequently reviewed by our team.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Coming up on this episode of The Doctor Hyman Show.

Dr. David Perlmutter
So what you set up is what we call a vicious cycle, whereby eating the wrong foods changes the microbiome. It changes your brain. It makes you less able moving forward to make the right choices. So you make further bad choices, further damaging your gut bacteria, further changing your brain.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Now before we jump into today's episode, I'd like to note that while I wish I could help everyone by my personal practice, there's simply not enough time for me to do this at scale. And that's why I've been busy building several passion projects to help you better understand, well, you. If you're looking for data about your biology, check out function health for real time lab insights. And if you're in need of deepening your knowledge around your health journey, well, check out my membership community, doctor Hyman Plus. And if you're looking for curated, trusted supplements and health products for your health journey, visit my website, doctorhyman.com, for my website store and a summary of my favorite and thoroughly tested products.

Dr. Heather Sandison
I came to this as a skeptic. I had heard, like most clinicians, I was trained that there was nothing you could do. And as you mentioned, to suggest there was something we could do for someone struggling with cognitive decline on their way towards Alzheimer's, it would be to give them false hope. The conventional model and the incentive structure of sort of the pharmaceutical industry, the insurance industry, the way that health care is set up is that what we want to find is a single molecule intervention, right, that can be patented, that is very simple to dispense from a pharmacy that it's it's they're simple instructions. Just take this one pill once a day, and you'll feel better.

And that works if you've got a UTI. Right? And we can get a cure. And you can that can be any of the past. Take antibiotics for seven days.

Don't have to think about it again, hopefully. Now when we're talking about Alzheimer's, this is very complex. And our friend, Daniel Schlottenberger, he really taught me to think, and I feel very privileged to have spent a lot of time discussing. We would meet every Tuesday afternoon for four, five, six hours on these marathons, just kind of reprogramming my brain about how to think through diagnosis of complex disease. And put simply, when you think of any complex system, whether it's a house plant or a financial system or government systems or the brain, what you're looking for is balance.

Right? An imbalance is going to create this dysfunction in that complex system. And so imbalance is gonna be too much or too little or to at the wrong time or in the wrong place. And when we think of the brain, this leads to disease when we have imbalance especially over time. And so we can say, okay.

Imbalance that but this is helpful. We'll simplify. And then we wanna systematize. Imbalance of what? What are the causal level factors?

And I would argue that they are there's six of them. It's toxins. And so imbalances of toxins in the wrong place at the wrong time, too much, too little. Nutrients. Right?

We you mentioned insulin resistance and blood sugar becoming so high that it becomes toxic. That can be a problem. But also you mentioned b twelve and having too little b twelve, associated with genetics and maybe for one maybe for your neighbor, they need need more b twelve than you do. So we have these individualized needs and requirements where we're gonna get that functional requirement meant not just the RDA, not just that recommended daily allowance. So we have toxins, nutrients, stressors.

We can have too much or too little stress. Right? There's some people wanna kick their feet up and just relax in retirement, but they're not getting that engagement. And then we also know on the flip side that caregivers, care partners for people with Alzheimer's are at higher risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's themselves later on because they have too much stress. Cortisol becomes literally toxic to the hippocampus, those memory centers of the brain.

So toxins, nutrients, stressors, structure. You mentioned getting hit over the head and causing pain. Well, that can also cause inflammation in the brain and be a traumatic brain injury that can put us at risk. You mentioned APOE four. We can have molecular structure, genetic structure that puts us at risk for developing Alzheimer's later on.

So again, toxins, nutrients, stressors, structure, infections. We know there are a handful of infections that are directly associated with the triggering of amyloid plaque production. So things like p gingival so p gingivalis, which causes gingivitis in the mouth. Also, the Lyme spirochete has been found in amyloid plaques as well as, h pylori is associated, and herpes, the herpes simplex one virus is another one. The gut brain connection and infections on the gut can can lead to imbalances in neurotransmitters, and there's many other I mean, in fact, I have a reference for how complex the gut brain connection is and wouldn't Yeah.

Pretend to understand it fully. But we know that there's a lot of back and forth communication between the gut and the brain and the microbes specifically in the in the gut have a lot to do with that. So again, toxins, nutrients, stressors, structure, infections can lead to dementia, and then signaling. Are we getting the signals? Doctor Bredesen has this phenomenal I love this analogy of brain health.

Thinking of your brain like a country, my brain is done. If we are stuck in that fight and defend mode, if we're being invaded by infections or if we're being if we need to defend against toxins like heavy metals you mentioned or mold toxicity or chemical toxicity, then we're using our resource to take care of that attack and defend. We're not able to use that resource to build the infrastructure, right, to build new neurons and new connections between those neurons, the way a country might build roads and schools. We wanna use those nutrients to to fully resolve those issues that we're attacking and defending against. And it makes sense that if we're trying to do both, we're not gonna be very good at doing either.

Right? We're not gonna fully resolve the infections or fully resolve the toxic burden, and we're also not gonna be that great at having functional neurons to help remember our neighbor's name or remember where we put our phone or our keys. So what we wanna do is think really holistically about this. You mentioned, you know, there's multiple factors that go into brain health, and this is what I would think of as a comprehensive list, although I'm sure we will continue to know more. But it's a much more comprehensive way to approach each individual and what's causing them to go down this path towards this common diagnosis of Alzheimer's or memory loss associated with age.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. It's it's something I see a lot of, you know, it's just, you know, we we get in this reductionist model where we're looking for the single drug for the single disease like you've talked about, and it's why we spent billions and billions of dollars and hundreds and hundreds of studies with zero real benefit. And and I think, you know, what you're speaking to is that this is a complex, set of diseases, not just one disease, even if it's called Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. They're really complex and have multiple causes. Not everybody who has that has the same causes.

They might overlap, but it's really important to look at what's going on for that individual. Like that one patient I said, she had vitamin deficiencies. Another guy, he had a whole host of things like mercury. So you have to find out what the treatment is for that person, not a kinda one size fits all. And it's just the antithesis of how we do research.

I think what you're talking about also, there's insults that happen. You know? Basically, in the way I think about it is too much bad stuff, not a good stuff. And and I think you're talking about we were missing the things that we need to make our brains work well, and we're having too much of the stuff whether it's infections or microbiome or toxins or sugar or stress that actually cause damage to our body. So, when you start to think about someone like this, you know, you're you're thinking about a lot of these these factors that that have have modifiable, solutions.

Right? It's not like, oh, well, if you have a toxin, there's nothing you can do about it. Oh, oh, if you have insulin resistance, there's nothing you can do about it. Oh, if you're nutritionally deficient, there's nothing you can do about it. They're all treatable.

Right? And so that's the beauty of this whole approach of functional medicine and this approach to dementia is that it really helps you to navigate a very complex set of of variables and and kind of understand how to start assessing them and actually and actually treating them. So so when you start to do assessment, you know, one of the things I I love that, that Dale talked about was this whole idea of dementogens, you know. And, I wonder if you could kinda go through what you kinda did a little bit, but I think it's sort of worth, you know, going through what the kind of framework is of these dementogens that that he talks about and and how and how those can impact our us and what those what we call the exposome, which are the hidden things that that tend to cause brain dysfunction.

Dr. Heather Sandison
Yeah. So when when I work with a functional medicine patient, you know, there are all these medical pieces that I almost think of as icing on the cake. So I definitely wanna go in this direction and and support people in knowing how to communicate with their doctor and knowing what to ask ask for and what kind of testing and and certainly there are a ton of modifiable things that we can address. And I also wanna just take this step back to say there are a ton of things that you can do without the help of a doctor. Right?

The foundations, like, if that's the icing on the cake, it's all of the functional medicine intervention. The foundations are really come back to diet, exercise, sleep, stress management. And so I I, of course, wanna because we're both functional medicine practitioners. I wanna dive into that deeply, and I wish that the whole medical system was coming in that direction. But I also don't wanna miss the opportunity to tell people, if you don't have access to that, if cost is an issue, there are many, many, many things that you have an outsized impact that really come back to what are the things I put in my mouth every day?

What do I eat? What do I consume? What is what are the nature of my relationships and my stress levels? What time do I get to bed each night? How much movement do I get each day?

Those are the things that really impact health over time. Now these hidden causes, these hidden things, this exposome, these dementogens, toxins are a big part of that, and I think of three flavors. There's chemical toxicity, which is ubiquitous. None of us are going to be able to avoid it all, but there are great strategies for avoiding the things that we have control over. You talked about modifiable risk factors and not modifiable risk factors.

And just to give people kind of a sense of what the difference is there, we can't change the year you were born. Right? We can't change your chronological age. That as that increases, our risk of dementia goes up. We can't change that you're born male or female, and if you females have higher risk of dementia.

They're two thirds of dementia or Alzheimer's patients. And we also can't change your genetics, your apo e status. This is set. But what can we change? We can change our toxic exposures.

We can increase our ability to detoxify, whether it's one of these three flavors, heavy metals, mycotoxins or mold associated toxins, associated with water damaged buildings, which I see many elderly folks who've been in their houses for a long time.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Huge issue.

Dr. Heather Sandison
Really big kind of underrepresented issue. And my other mentor is doctor Neil Nathan, who I'm sure you've come across. Yeah.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Neil. Yeah.

Dr. Heather Sandison
I feel really grateful to have learned, from him how to support very sensitive patients and also to just be hypervigilant about that potential mold exposure. And then these chemical toxins that I mentioned, so metals, molds, and chemicals. And although we can't completely avoid all of them, what we can do is we can measure how much we're being exposed to and see if there is some detective work that can go into lowering our exposure to phthalates or petrochemicals or Roundup. Glyphosate is a big one Mhmm. That directly impacts the nervous system.

I'm sure you're familiar with the work of Stephanie Siniff. She was out at MIT and has done extensive research on how glyphosate impacts the nervous system. And so understand She's

Dr. Mark Hyman
been on the podcast. We'll link to that in the show notes. But yeah.

Dr. Heather Sandison
Yeah. She's fantastic. And understanding when what's coming into my system, and then can my genetics tolerate those toxins, and how can I increase my ability to get rid of toxins through my liver, through my bowels, through my kidneys, through skin and lymph, maybe even through breath work, through the lungs, so that we can optimize for cellular health?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. This toxin thing is big. You know, there's there's other things we're gonna point to that that are modifiable like diet, like your microbiome, like infections. You know, there's things that actually can be modifiable, but the toxin one is huge. And I think, like the case I mentioned, it's one of those things that's if you look at the scientific literature, there's ample evidence that toxins are linked to dementia.

But on our clinical level, nobody's really looking at this from a traditional medicine perspective. When you go to see a neurologist, they don't measure toxin levels. They don't ask you about them. They don't ask you about exposures. They don't do any testing about it.

And, you know, one of the challenges is it is very hard to test for some of these compounds. Mold, you know, there was a great lab for mycotoxins that was run out of business because insurance companies didn't like it because they were getting actually, I think I was the cause of it actually. I think it was, like, twenty years ago, but I had a patient who was in a house that was affected by molds. She had chronic fatigue. Her daughter had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and they lived in different bedrooms, and I had them go assess what was going on in their house and what was what was growing in each room, and they were at different molds.

And then when we did lab work with doctor Barjani's lab, it's called Immunosciences that did these mold toxin lab assessments, It matched exactly, like, the the mycotoxin antibodies or the mycotoxins that were in the room. And then she got a million dollar settlement, then the the insurance company in California came to shut down to the government, shut down the lab. It's pretty bad. But, anyway, that that aside, it's it's something that's hard to test for these things. Heavy metals are easier to test for.

You can look at blood testing. That's helpful. There's challenge testing where you can take a kilo liter and and collect your urine. But the other toxins which are ubiquitous like phthalates, BPA, glyphosate, PCBs, pesticides, plastics, microplastics. They're very hard to assess.

And I I recently learned about how to assess in a different way. I'm gonna tell you about a minute, but I'd love to hear how you how you think about those rather than just your general, like, try to reduce your exposures and improve your own body's detoxification system, which is a sound advice. What are the other ways that you kind of assess these?

Dr. Heather Sandison
Yeah. So we do test through Real Time Labs has an environmental pollutant panel, and so I do look at urine at urine levels of excretion. And what I've seen is many of the sickest people, they actually don't collect much in their urine the first time. But then as we start using some binders, some glutathione, some support, some biochemical support as we start getting them sweating, maybe get them on a detox breath work practice, we see that those numbers will go up. And so it's almost like, again, hidden even with our testing.

Some of those exposures and that total toxic burden can it takes a little bit to uncover. And three, six months later, we see those numbers go up even when there isn't an active exposure, but it's just that they're starting to actually mobilize more of it. Also getting on a ketogenic diet, we start to mobilize fat soluble toxins as we are using the fats, to create fuel. We can get that from adipocytes and then we're releasing those toxins into the bloodstream, and then it's coming out in the urine a little bit more. So I think that many of these toxins initial testing can also be deceptive.

Right? They're most of my patients are 65. They've had a lifetime to accumulate these things. And

Dr. Mark Hyman
Mhmm.

Dr. Heather Sandison
This can be such a scary conversation. Right? It can very quickly go to, like, overwhelm and anxiety about how much toxicity is in the environment. We can only control what we can control. So I think Yeah.

Getting testing your water or getting spring water, find a spring.com, I think is a great source, to find spring water near you that hopefully isn't contaminated. I'd love your opinion on RO water. Reverse osmosis is a great way to get a lot of toxins out, but it does require remineralization because it'll take the minerals out of the water. So getting away entirely from plastic, from drinking anything out of plastic, particularly because hot plastic will leach into the into the water. But even just the screw cap, it's like you've got plastic sawdust in there.

And so I think plastic water bottles are just toxic for so many reasons. But, yeah, we could we could talk for a weekend on all of the ways to think through toxicity.

Dr. Mark Hyman
I'm gonna tell you something that might blow your mind, and it it's blown my mind, actually. But before I do, I I just wanna kinda reinforce that the approach you're talking about fundamentally is lifestyle. It's what we eat. It's how much we exercise. It's sleep.

It's how we manage stress. It's some basic nutritional support. And those have a profound impact. And and there are some trials that have been done, the FINGER trial and the POINTER trial, which is underway, which are multimodal lifestyle interventions with risk factor management that have shown not just to slow dementia, but to actually reverse it, which is, again, something that all the drug studies never show. Right?

So it's like the even the best drugs that have been approved, there's not many of them, they don't show that. And I don't know why it's not something that's headline news because studies are published. Your study should have been headline news. Again, it was published in the journal of Alzheimer's. And because, you know, if if something is incurable and you actually reverse it, then don't you think we should be actually spending the billions on that rather than more drug studies?

Dr. Heather Sandison
Yeah. So I I more.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. So so we're gonna get into all these factors that were studied in the finger trial and the pointer trial and in your data as well. But I I just kinda wanna get back to the toxin conversation for a minute because, you know, I've personally had mercury poisoning, and I know what it does to my brain. It was bad. I've also had mold toxicity, so I know what that does to my brain.

It made me very demented. And and I had terrible memory issues and cognition issues, and I I figured out how to treat that, thank God. But I recently, had been using a test out of Germany. It's a relatively new test, that measures not just the stuff that comes out in your urine that's in your blood, which is by the way, these toxins that you're talking about are stored in fat. And so if you if you look at what's in your blood or what's cleared in your urine, they're not they're not gonna be there.

Like, they're just they're just not that's not what they're it's like looking I don't know. It's like, looking in your urine for red blood cells. They're just they're not supposed to be there, so they're just not gonna be there. And and this test that they do uses an analysis of cells, not not blood, but your actual cells and cell membranes and using lymphocytes. And they they find the load of toxins in there that we've never been able to see before.

And it's kinda shocking to me how loaded people are and how loaded I was with everything from pesticides to phthalates to glyphosate to metals. And and I, I've been treating myself and a bunch of others with a procedure called the PK protocol, which is designed to help replace the toxins in your cell membrane to improve cell membrane function and fluidity and cell communication and mitochondrial function, all of which are the things that go wrong when you have, neurologic disease or dementia. And so I I I just talked to a patient actually a couple of days ago who is a dementia patient. She's, in her early eighties and very bright woman and was starting to go downhill and was diagnosed with, MCI, mild cognitive impairment, and was getting worse and worse. And I and I did this test on her, and I got the result, and I was sort of shocked.

And and, you know, it matched against what I would expect her her history was. For example, she was a smoker, so there was a lot of cadmium in her cells. Cadmium is a metal that's you get from smoking. She also had lindane, which is a pesticide that's been banned for years. She had glyphosate.

She had all these plastics, fungal toxins that were in her cells. And what we did is a protocol that basically flushes out all that stuff using high doses of intravenous phosphatidylcholine which is basically the fatty substance that makes up your cell membranes. And then we for for her with the glutathione and things to help detoxify and the b vitamins we talked about and a bunch of other minerals and support. And I talked to her on Sunday, and I was like, how's it going? She's like, I don't know.

It's amazing. My memory's back. I have full short term memory and long term memory is better. You know, I I someone can tell me something in the morning. I remember the next day.

You know, that was she couldn't remember five minutes from before when when she had a conversation with her husband about something, and ten minutes later, she wouldn't remember it. And and it was so exciting to me because I'm like, wow. Finally, we have a way to actually assess and to monitor and to treat, in a way that I I don't think I've ever seen before in my practice. I'm curious if you have any experience with that, what you think about it, if you know what I'm talking about. The lab is a German lab.

It's called IGL.

Dr. Heather Sandison
IGL. I'm writing that down. Yeah. I'm not familiar with IGL, but I have been using the Patricia Kane, the p phosphatidylcholine for a long time, for many years. Mhmm.

The IVPC, and we do the the exchange, by IV and then also oral PC, which we know helps with gallbladder. Basically, the discharge of bile, that toxic sludge that we build up. And so PC, I think, also very clear that that helps with the brain as is phosphatidylserine, and choline is part of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain. But choline, we do know that choline has a big role to play in the brain. So not just the phosphatidylcholine, but choline found in eggs and, and in other food sources and also in many nootropic formulas.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Right. That's the major neurotransmitter that goes down is acetylcholine in Alzheimer's. So, you know, I don't know what dose you're using, Heather, but, we're using basically, twenty grams, which is a lot. And we over ten weeks, we give two kilos, basically, of phospholicholine intravenously.

Dr. Heather Sandison
Are you doing the inessential vials?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yep. But we're doing 20 of them.

Dr. Heather Sandison
20 of them. Wow. Yeah. We've we do five typically.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. I think I think there's way under dosing. That that yeah. I think that I because I used to do five, and I didn't see the same results. And it's it's done over a period of time, but it's it's essentially 20 miles twice a week for ten weeks.

And if people are wanting to know how to do this, we do this at our center and Ultra Wellness Center in Lenox, Massachusetts. I'll send Heather the protocol.

Dr. Heather Sandison
I would love that. Yeah. Because are you dripping it in d five w?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. It's dripped in in right? You're dripping it in, and then you drip in a bag of glutathione. You have multi I mean, that, methylfolate and and leucovorin and and and other biotin and a bunch of other stuff. So it's it's a pretty interesting thing, but I I did my before and after testing, and it was completely different.

I mean, I'll I'll even share my my, my results in the in the in the, show notes because I think it's so compelling. And I I think the before and after was just striking, and I personally felt different, dramatically different. So I think we're like, we're learning about all these things that we didn't even know before. Medicine is advancing so fast. And, you know, there's there unfortunately, there's not billions of dollars spent on researching, IV phosphocholine in dementia, but we should because if if what I'm finding is what I think is I'm finding it's pretty exciting.

And then, of course, you know, for the mold stuff and the metal stuff, there's other things to do. The phosphocholine actually also helps with the mold, but there's other things you could do for mold. But it's important to really assess whether you've got mold exposure because, it it's it's really one of those things that can be treated and so can heavy metals like I I shared in my in my, case study with with the patient when we did chelation on him. And other things like infections. Right?

I mean, Kris Kristofferson had Lyme disease that caused his dementia. When he treated his Lyme disease, his dementia got better. So

Dr. Heather Sandison
Yeah. Rich Horowitz has also seen that that treat the treatment of Lyme disease can help with dementia. My patients the first patient I saw who really opened my eyes to this, Darlene was her name, and she came in soon after I was trained by doctor Bredesen in 2017. And she and her husband came in. She was entirely dependent on him.

She had a MoCA score of two. So the MoCA is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and we use this as a clinical tool to tell us where on the spectrum of cognitive decline someone is. And a perfect score is 30. It's a one page worksheet that some of your listeners may be familiar with. You copy a cube and draw a clock, identify some zoo animals, and she had a MOCA score of two.

So she was essentially answering yeah. She was answering questions with, like, yes or no and not much more than that. Their life had been completely, you know, changed since she had gone down very quickly with dementia and diagnosed Alzheimer's. Now her very dedicated, loving husband had read doctor Bredesen's book and was all in. I mean, he had, thank goodness, enough confidence for both of us because I had never done this.

And she was so severe that I had was I didn't I wasn't hopeful at all. But they asked

Dr. Mark Hyman
Just to give this perspective, if you're it's out of 30. So if your score is less than 25, it's a problem. Two is, you know, nobody's home.

Dr. Heather Sandison
Yeah. 26 and above is normal. Once you're down in the single digits, this is severe dementia. This is where you are dependent on others for activities of daily living. Your dignity is more or less gone.

Right? You're not able to do anything on your own. And so she was in that in that state, but she had this bright smile and her eyes would track me. And she had on this beautiful floral dress, and you could just see how much soul was in her. And they just shocked me.

She came back six weeks later, and her MoCA had gone up to a seven. And, of course, my initial response was, like, disbelief. I was like, oh my gosh. We must have done the test wrong. Like, this isn't possible.

Like, what is going on here? And her husband assured me, no. No. She's different. Listen to her.

She was speaking in complete sentences. They started bickering about something while they were in my office, and she was remembering things that he had said. And she wasn't going back to work. She wasn't a % better. But this was the moment.

I mean, I remember it, like, exactly what I was wearing and the way the light was shining in the room because it was so emotional for me to be like, what? If this is possible for Darlene, like, what is possible for everybody else who's not so far down along this path? There is so much suffering that we could be avoiding by taking this approach. So what did they do? They moved out of a moldy bedroom, and they didn't just they didn't have to move out of their house entirely, but they moved into their their living room.

They started ballroom dancing three times a week even though they weren't very good at it. They were going on walks every day. They got on a ketogenic diet. They ate only whole foods, got rid of all of the processed foods in their diet. She got on all the supplements that we put together based on doctor Bettison's approach.

She got on bioidentical hormone replacement. She went and got the mercury out of her teeth, her root canals out. She got all of her dental work taken care of very quickly. And lo and behold, she improved. And she I really owe so much to, obviously, doctor Bredesen, but also to Darlene because and her husband.

Because that was the moment. Like, I could not deny how much better she had gotten.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. What was her score after you'd done all that?

Dr. Heather Sandison
It was a seven then, and she continued to go up a bit. I I lost touch with them. They kind of they they're doing things on their own, but they we were together for a couple of years and probably like your patients, you know, you hear from them years later and and you think, oh, have they gone down or do they need extra help? And she'll probably say, nope. We're doing great.

They were That's great. It was very motivated. It was really fun.

Dr. David Perlmutter
What you eat are looked at through the lens of your microbes does affect your behavior and your choices. And at the same time, those choices that you make affect the health and vitality of your gut microbes. So what you set up is what we call a vicious cycle, whereby, eating the wrong foods changes the microbiome, it changes your brain, it makes you less able moving forward to make the right choices. So you make further bad choices, further damaging your gut bacteria, further changing your brain. And let me say that it's not just moment to moment changes in your brain that happens, you know, that you make the wrong decisions.

But ultimately, as you continue to make these wrong decisions, you rewire your brain through a process called neuroplasticity. So you compromise your ability to tap into that part of your brain that lets you make good and appropriate decisions, and you connect, more aggressively to the part of your brain that is much more impulsive and much more fear based and much more narcissistic.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So basically, we move from a place of love and connection to a place of fear and reactivity.

Dr. David Perlmutter
That's right. And you mentioned Alberto Bioda. We wrote a book about this years ago called The Neuroscience of Enlightenment. Power up your brain. Power up your brain.

And, it it dealt with what can we do first, in terms of our lifestyle choices to enhance this process of neuroplasticity, to enhance the brain's ability to make stronger connections. Okay. Once we've got that put to bed, in other words, higher levels of omega threes, less inflammation, aerobic exercise being very important, then let's do the right things. Let's make the best choices, and that will then set the stage for hardwiring the brain to those good parts of it.

Dr. Mark Hyman
It's pretty amazing how, you know, you you've been the pioneer in saying this, but the brain is is plastic. It can actually change and reverse some of the insults that happens. So not only is it about prevention, but it's about treatment or slowing down of these conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. And I I had mercury poisoning years ago. And early on, I had a brain scan called the SPECT scan, which looks at the blood flow in the brain.

And I had all these areas of my brain that had no blood flow, that were dysfunctional. They look like holes.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Not a good thing.

Dr. Mark Hyman
They look like holes, like Swiss cheese in my brain. And as I used functional medicine, as I repaired my brain, as I repaired my body to fix my brain, essentially, my gut and my also the mercury affected my gut in terrible ways, I actually repeated the scan, you know, more than a decade later, and all those holes had filled in. My brain had recovered. Now that it's not something that you learn as a typical neurologist. Right?

Dr. David Perlmutter
Well, even, gosh, when I was 19, I was doing research on, micro it's called micro neurosurgery. We had the the operating room just got a microscope. And so neurosurgeons didn't have a roadmap to use the microscope because the anatomy of the brain had never been really teased apart microscopically. So our job was to create this road map for doing aneurysm surgery. So as part of what I did my research on, we were, exploring how we can bring blood supply from from outside the brain into the brain.

Yeah. So I became really kinda handy at tying small blood vessels together, and I was invited to go teach in Madrid, Spain at what's called the Centro Ramon y Cajal. And there, you know, this is an institution named after Ramon y Cajal, maybe the father of neurophysiology. And I walked into the lab and there was a statue of him with his statement saying that the brain is immutable. That it never changes.

It never regenerates. That's it. And you know as well as I do that we were taught that in medical school that the brain will never grow new brain cells. Your brain

Dr. Mark Hyman
cells in college, too bad.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Yeah. If you drink too much or whatever. But we know now that the brain, a, can regenerate itself and, b, can rewire or reroute pathways. Mhmm. How does a stroke patient recover?

Well, he he or she recovers because they bring online different alternative pathways. They reroute the signal ultimately, and that's how they can improve. So we take advantage of that process called neuroplasticity and turn it on by turning on the body's production of a chemical growth factor for the brain called BDNF. But at the same time, we have to capitalize then on the brain wanting to rewire itself by behaving in ways.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Remove the insults, and you provide the right inputs.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Changing our behavior. The Dalai Lama said that, if you want to be happy, practice compassion. Mhmm. And if you want others to be happy, practice compassion. Yeah.

So it really, you know, it's it's you can be happier if you can wire into the happy part of your brain by doing things outwardly, that are, demonstrate empathy, that demonstrate planning for the future.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Okay. So let's get into some of the details here because you've written a lot about, for example, grains, Grain Brain. This is a new edition of Grain Brain. Everybody needs to get a copy. It's completely revised and updated.

It's pretty awesome, and I think this guy has really nailed it. Now a lot of people, are not too happy with these ideas. You've been attacked on television. You've been attacked in the media. You've been attacked in medical journals, including, you know, indirect attacks against me and and our colleague Dale Bredesen, who's really pioneered, the idea that we could actually stop or reverse Alzheimer's, which you actually were talking about decades ago.

What what are the things that are challenging? You're you're talking about changing your diet. So let's talk about the food part because there's such controversy. Well, should we eat saturated fat? Should we not?

Do we is sugar really that bad or not? Because the sugar association says sugar's fine, so why wouldn't we believe them?

Dr. David Perlmutter
Right? So, I would say to your viewers, Google Perlmutter and CBS and watch a recent interview. And as CBS this morning. Yeah. But just put CBS and Perlmutter.

It'll come up. And, be as they they show the book, doctor Perlmutter has written a new book about, carbohydrates in the brain. But before they cut to me, they said, but we reached out to the sugar industry, and The sugar industry told us that we should eat sugar, decades of research. It's all good. Have at it.

What would you expect them to say, and how why would you ask the sugar industry? And my response was, yeah. Because, you you know, it wasn't that long ago that the tobacco industry was telling us we should be smoking cigarettes. That's a good thing. But the reality is the the question that I was supposed to answer, but I diverted because I wanted to really hit the sugar thing, was, doctor Perlmutter, what you're saying is that all grains are bad.

And I've never said that. I've, you know, despite the name of the book, I believe that when we look at gluten containing grains, we should avoid them. As you know, there's plenty of research in terms of what gluten, specifically a subpart of gluten alpha gliadin does, in terms of threatening what we talked about earlier, and that is the gut lining.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So that in everybody or just people who are sensitive to it?

Dr. David Perlmutter
It's difficult to say. I think we know that probably most people have some degree of increased gut permeability or leakiness of the gut when they consume gluten or specifically gliadin. That said, the non gluten containing grains, grains meaning seeds of grass, things like rice and corn can be consumed in a quantity that doesn't present a lot of carbohydrate. So if you're watching your daily consumption of carbohydrate and you wanna have a little bit of wild rice, have at it. Or some non GMO corn, good luck trying to find that.

But, I think that if you're counting your carbs as you should be, looking at net carbs, that I I don't think that's necessarily the worst idea. Having said that, again

Dr. Mark Hyman
because, you know, there's a bit just to back up on the carb thing. Now there's been some recent studies published by Walter Willett and others at Harvard looking at thousands and thousands of people showing that people who eat very low carbohydrate diets, don't do well. They die earlier. People are eating very, very high carbohydrate. But somewhere in the middle, about 50%, which to you and I seems like a lot of carbohydrates, do better.

Can you kind of address that? Because it's

Dr. David Perlmutter
Well, I think people should eat tons of carbohydrates.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yes.

Dr. David Perlmutter
You should be eating carbohydrates. Right. And my I I just did a blog with somebody, and it was said, why we need more carbs. David Perlmutter, MDN people. I think the hashtag was why that's fantastic.

WTF. Right?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Dr. David Perlmutter
So, yeah, we need lots of carbs because we need lots of fiber in our diets by definition. Yeah.

Dr. Mark Hyman
It's is a carb.

Dr. David Perlmutter
You bet. It's a carb hydrogel, though. So that's right. And and there's something magic when you take, you make a bagel or a croissant. I mean, it's no longer a carbohydrate or simple carbohydrate.

It's a croissant or whatever it is.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Dr. David Perlmutter
But you're right. So broccoli, kale, I mean, these are good sources of of dietary fiber, which is by definition a carbohydrate, though it's nondigestible. And polyphenols and antioxidants. You bet. And fuel for the microbiome.

Fuel for your gut bacteria.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So Yeah. I I see in my book, Ultra Metabolism, I wrote carbohydrates are the single most important food for health and longevity. And what I was referring to was vegetables. But then people take

Dr. David Perlmutter
it out of context. They say, yeah. He's not he's not paleo. He's not keto. So I think that, you know, the biggest faults then with, the well, with that type of research is you've gotta qualify.

And the other the area that needs great qualification is, you know, I'm often challenged by people saying, well, you know, the the China study said that if you eat meat, you're gonna die. And, and doctor Dean Ornish says we need a very, very low fat diet. And people ask me, what do you think about that? And I would say, you know, I agree with both of them. Why do I agree with both of them?

Well, I think by and large the type of meat that people eat that goes into these studies where they come up with the relationships to colon cancer, for example, you bet those are very, very threatening forms of meat. I presume

Dr. Mark Hyman
actually not even meat. It's it's actually processed meat, which is

Dr. David Perlmutter
baked in. It's processed meat and Chalabi and You know, there is a sense of alchemy that somehow you can feed a cow or other animal that you're gonna eat garbage and it'll magically turn into gold.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Literally garbage. Yeah. They can find them Skittles and You bet. That'll expire. So, so

Dr. David Perlmutter
I think there is a place on the table if you choose to eat meat for grass fed, organically raised forms of meat of of animal product. And similarly, do I think that doctor Ornish, has some merit in his discussion of a low fat diet? Yes. Because the type of fat that is eaten in Western cultures is awful. Yeah.

It's highly processed omega six oils that Soybean oil, canola oil. Sunflower that dramatically increase, the production of inflammatory chemicals in the body and get back to where you and I started our conversation today. And what's really interesting, to think about, you know, we've wondered the mechanism for that over the years. We've said, well and it's a little technical for your viewers, but they'll love it. The omega sixes produce chemicals called, prostaglandins and leukotrienes that can be pro inflammatory.

We kinda, glammed onto that for many years.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And Like the hormones of your immune system, they create inflammation. Right.

Dr. David Perlmutter
But now we know with all the interest in what's called the endocannabinoid system, which is what everyone's interested in now because of the the availability of, CBD and the use of medical marijuana, that the, omega sixes, help to increase the production of two important, cannabinoid chemicals that are produced within the body. We call them endocannabinoids because they're produced in the body two AG and another one called anandamide, which bind to a receptor called the CB one receptor that absolutely explodes the production of these inflammatory molecules. Mhmm. And interestingly, omega

Dr. Mark Hyman
threes that down when you said was eating vegetable oil activates these receptors. It creates inflammation.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Yeah. And, and this is yet another way to understand the beauty of the omega threes. Because similarly, the omega threes create, cannabinoid like chemicals in the body that block that activity. And that's another important pathway by which the omega threes are so good for us. Mhmm.

So when when people like doctor Ornish say we should be on a low fat diet, pretty much based upon the type of fat that people consume in America, I'd say he's right. But you can get even more bang for the buck if you not only cut those oils out and fats out, but add to the equation the omega three. So we improve this ratio of omega sixes to omega threes, which is so high now in America, down to a level of three to one or two to one, whereas typically in most people's diets, it's about 20 to one in favor of the omega sixes.

Dr. Mark Hyman
We didn't knew. I mean, we didn't have these oils a thousand years ago, a hundred years ago. You're right. We we increased our intake of soybean oil, which is now 10% of our calories, 1,000 fold since 1900.

Dr. David Perlmutter
And canola oil that, health advocates still talk about, which was developed at the turn of the century as an industrial oil to lubricate machinery.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. Rapeseed oil, you should

Dr. David Perlmutter
call it. That's a good thing.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And now it's highly GMO contaminated. Yeah. It's an issue. So you mentioned omega three is omega the other issue people concerned about is saturated fat. I'm particularly in the context of Alzheimer's, you know, APOE four gene, which is a gene that may increase your risk of Alzheimer's.

Well, it does depending on how many copies you have and so forth. Is is this something we should be worried about? I mean, bulletproof coffee and everybody Yeah. Let's let's, Cover of Time Magazine says eat butter. Like, what what's the deal here?

Dr. David Perlmutter
Butter is back. And let's, take that apart a little bit, unpack that just, for your viewers to be really clear that there are some genes that help increase a person's risk for Alzheimer's. And one of them is this so called APOE four allele. And, you can learn about it by having an at home genetic test that anybody can do. And, twenty percent of Americans will carry the APOE4 allele.

One copy. One copy. And, some carry two copies, which is clearly associated with as much as a 12 increase risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. The ApoE genes are involved in the production of Apolipoproteins and that's a a big term, but it has to do with proteins in the body that carry fat, deliver fat, to where to where those fats might be needed. There is some indication that the benefits of saturated fat for the brain, we'll talk about that in just a moment, and even the benefits of a ketogenic diet, and we'll talk about that as well.

I guess, I'm putting a lot of things on the plate here.

Dr. Mark Hyman
It's okay. We we got it. We got it. Might be a little long here.

Dr. David Perlmutter
We might have to add another, memory card. But that are those things are less beneficial in the APOE four carriers, meaning that they're not going to gain as much benefit directly from ketogenic diet or a diet that's higher in saturated fat. Having Is there harm? Doesn't look like there's harm. And that said, I think that there are benefits that everybody gains that I believe if there is some sense of harm would offset those, potential issues, which are very minimal to begin with.

And that is, what the benefits are from consuming saturated fat is, the types that we recommend, m c two oil, coconut oil, the saturated fat that's found in eggs, for example. The benefits, are that we enhance our body's ability to produce these important chemicals that are called ketones. There's this huge interest these days all over the internet and certainly, in various venues for lectures, etcetera, in what is called the ketogenic diet.

Dr. Mark Hyman
The number one diet book study. You bet.

Dr. David Perlmutter
And with good reason. And it's it's a brand new phenomenon for humans. It's only the type of diet we've been on for a couple million years. Mhmm.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So on and off of it.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Right. But we've been in and out of ketosis for a long, long time. So it's got a heck of a track record.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Mhmm.

Dr. David Perlmutter
And we we can talk about that, but, basically, it's a diet that counters inflammation, that enhances energy production, that activates this BDNF gene pathway to create more of that growth hormone to grow new brain cells

Maria Shriver
Mhmm.

Dr. David Perlmutter
That helps, reduce the production of free radicals. That helps get rid of damaged energy producers called mitochondria. That helps us with our ability to rid our bodies of cells, for example, that are damaged. So in multiple arenas, being on a ketogenic diet is really a good thing. So I think that the ability of the coconut oil and the MCT oil to make that happen really is very, very powerful.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And there's data that's showing that those actually help improve out outcomes in Alzheimer's patients.

Dr. David Perlmutter
There's actually a data that indicates interventionally that simply using MCT oil improves cognitive function in established Alzheimer's patients. And what did I just say? There's data that shows that a nutritional intervention is effective in turning dementia around. Yeah. There's also data from Iran that demonstrates that probiotic intervention demonstrates improvement on the mini mental status test, which is a standardized test doctors use in the office to determine how well a person's brain is functioning.

Dr. Mark Hyman
It's impressive. I just I just reviewed a book, by the new head of the Lou Ruho Center at Cleveland Clinic, which is the Alzheimer's research program there. And I was shocked to read, he talked about using ketogenic diets in patients with Alzheimer's as a way of treating the problem, which is pretty radical. And you've got the head of a major academic medical saying they're saying, yes. We can use food as medicine.

We're we're seeing this trend.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Food as medicine. Who knew?

Dr. Mark Hyman
And yet there's this incredible backlash, about this. We're gonna get into that in a minute. There was an article in the journal of the American Medical Association called the rise of pseudo medicine for Dementia and Brain Health. And you and I would be considered in the pseudo medicine quack category. I think I I I for me, it's a personal badge of honor that I'm on QuackWatch Me too.

Along with most of

Dr. David Perlmutter
our best friends.

Dr. Mark Hyman
But the saturated fat thing, I just wanna come back to you.

Dr. David Perlmutter
And the the the founder of QuackWatch commented on this article in JAMA. You need to see that.

Dr. Mark Hyman
I'm sure. I'm sure. I feel like I'm doing a good job when I get more people attacking me, from from, you know, certain categories of, like, Monsanto and the farm industry. And, but the saturated fat thing is fascinating because I wanna be able to hear that saturated fat is not necessarily bad, that it is something that can be helpful in many conditions. But that's with one big caution, is to avoid what I call sweet fat.

And the reason that saturated fat, I believe, causes, and I wanna hear your opinion on this, causes problems in the research, which can correlate saturated fat with disease like heart disease and other problems, is that when those studies were done, they're done in the context of people eating saturated fat in a high starch sugar diet. I call that sweet fat. Think of donuts, french fries, ice cream, cookies. These are high fat, high sugar combos that are deadly. So the caution is if you're going to eat saturated fat, you can't eat a diet high in starch and sugar.

Yes. High in carbohydrates. Right? Plant foods. I always say 75% of your diet should be plant foods in terms of starch.

Not in terms of starch, in terms of vegetables. In fact, most of your diet should be plant foods by volume, but they have very little calories, and most of your calories should be fat, but it's not much volume. Can you comment on that?

Dr. David Perlmutter
Yeah. Sure. And I and I would say let let's even take this unpack this further. And, it doesn't even have to be in the in, relationship to eating, carbohydrates, simple carbohydrates. Because the data comes from these studies that look at calculating the amount of saturated fat in somebody's diet based upon the foods that they eat.

And they calculate, well, the this person eats, you know, a bunch of beef. They eat a bunch of bacon, etcetera. They get a lot of saturated fat. As we talked about earlier, those are the wrong kinds of foods for many, many reasons.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Mhmm.

Dr. David Perlmutter
So this is a calculated determination of saturated fat. It's not a biochemical demonstration that saturated fat does something in the body. Mhmm. It's people who ate a diet higher in saturated fat, which delivers lots of toxins because these are the mod these are foods from animals that have been fed, as we said earlier, garbage. That's where those saturated fats, how they're delivered to the human body.

So it's not a clean type of study. Right. It it doesn't relate to telling a person to take a tablespoon of organic coconut oil. No relationship fat in human breast milk is saturated fat. Yeah.

Saturated fat is

Dr. Mark Hyman
Wait a minute. Wait a minute. So, basically, breast milk is almost as much saturated fat as pure butter.

Dr. David Perlmutter
You bet. And why is it there? Because it helps for brain development, helps for immune system development. It helps prime the

Dr. Mark Hyman
I thought it was 25%.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Fifty %? Fifty %. It's of the fat. Of the fat. It helps

Dr. Mark Hyman
prime 5% of the calories in breast milk is from saturated fat. Yeah. We're able to get less than 5% by the American Heart Association. So according to the American Heart Association, we should ban breastfeeding.

Dr. David Perlmutter
I think it needs a label. They need to go around and stamp breasts all around the world saying, this is not heart health. Fat. Yeah. Avoid this.

I mean, you know, it wasn't long ago when we were told not to eat avocado avocados are nuts Yes. Because they had high levels of the dreaded fat. That was about the worst, and and we know where that came from now. We know how medical literature in the late nineteen sixties was tainted by industry, by sugar, who wanted who influenced what was published in the New England Journal of Medicine as recently revealed in the Journal of the American Medical Association and, ended up on the front page of the New York Times.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Dr. David Perlmutter
And, you know, doctors bought into that. We bought into what our journals were telling us, and it was patently wrong. It's true. Now you bring up a a journal article from the Journal of the American Medical Association that is castigating, our approaches to dealing with brain health, calling it pseudoscience. We began our Pseudomedicine.

Pseudomedicine. We began our conversation today with a discussion of the, publication in the same journal, I'll have you know, in November of this year, wherein it was revealed that the so called Alzheimer's drugs that this article is a proponent of

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yes.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Don't work but actually make people worse Worse. Which is the pseudo medicine.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Exactly. Well, I think, you know, part of the problem is that, you know, our type of medicine has not had the funding to study these interventions. Nobody's funding dietary interventions because they're expensive. They take a long time. Nobody's looking at these complex systems approaches to treating dementia, which you and I have done for decades.

It's not just treating one thing. Like our friend Dale talks about medicine, maybe there's 36 different problems or 54 or 12. And if you don't deal with all of them, you're not gonna get better. And our colleague and and mentor, Sid Baker, says if you're standing on a TAC, it takes a lot of aspirin to make it feel better. And if you're standing on two, taking one TAC out doesn't make you 50% better.

Right? So if you have mercury poisoning and gluten sensitivity and you just deal with the gluten, the mercury still might be a problem and you don't get better. And I think that's a really important lesson. I think this this article is very disturbing to me because it didn't really analyze the data behind it. And there's so much data behind the kinds of things we're doing, whether it's optimizing our diet or exercise or restoring sleep or meditation or using nutritional support, which is, you know, the b vitamins and methylation or getting rid of mercury or fixing the microbiome or balancing hormones.

These are the things that we use in Constellation to help optimize brain function. And and what we know is that these things work. I mean, the only study that's ever been shown at a scale to reverse or slow cognitive decline is called the FINGER study, which was basically using multiple interventions, diet, exercise, stress reduction, addressing risk factors for the heart, for example, and some resistance

Dr. David Perlmutter
And therein lies the criticism. Yes. But therein lies the criticism because the notion of leveraging multiple inputs into a system and looking for an outcome is, absolutely at odds with the current model of how science, as it relates to medicine, is carried out. You mentioned Doctor. Bredesen has a new book coming out where he actually reviews, case studies of reversing Alzheimer's disease.

And, I had the opportunity to write the forward for that book. And, I talked about how this is unprecedented, that he is not looking at what we call monotherapy to find the golden

Dr. Mark Hyman
Single drug for single drugs.

Dr. David Perlmutter
That can be monetized. You know, and yet he's looking at using multiple, but getting a great result. So why would we argue with that? But, you know, it is an inconvenient truth for people who want to believe otherwise that we need to create single approaches with monotherapy, and that can be the home run billion dollar product that makes the investors very happy.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Well, it's exciting that you'd be excited to hear that I'm working with some of the top scientists at Cleveland Clinic talking about how do we study these systems approaches? How do we break the paradigm? How do we actually design a trial where we can test this theory instead of calling it pseudo medicine, chronic the future of medicine, which is really what it is?

Dr. David Perlmutter
So I had to say that, as I get older, I'm less offended by these. Yeah. And I I really, find it to be almost complimentary. It's sort of like complimentary medicine because, to be, the outlier and to be, you know, disruptive, I think is really a good thing these days.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Mhmm.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Because the status quo is not where we want it to be. Mhmm. And, we need to challenge the status quo, and it's why people call us out. It's why, you know, you appear on the various videos and so do I, and some people put a thumbs down and comment, well, you know, I read the China study, and it said we should all we shouldn't you know, It's great. People wanna believe

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Because it's an inconvenient truth to tell somebody you need to stop drinking diet drinks. You need to stop eating as much sugar as you're eating because it's gonna compromise your health. Most people don't wanna hear that message. They'd rather, as I mentioned earlier, hope for the magic bullet. As it relates to Alzheimer's, it's interesting that in February, '1 of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies, Pfizer, gave up.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Gave up. Yeah. A lot of companies

Dr. David Perlmutter
We're not gonna chase down the magic bullet for Alzheimer's anymore because it's not it doesn't have a a good enough ROI

Dr. Mark Hyman
return on it. Hundreds of studies, billions of dollars spent going down this rabbit hole that is the wrong strategy for identifying the risk, the causes, and the treatments for cognitive decline or Alzheimer's. It's pretty stunning, and everybody's failing. And now people are starting to pay attention to

Dr. David Perlmutter
what we're doing. I have a slide that I'll show you, a conference you and I will be attending in a couple days. And it's really quite interesting because it shows it measures a group of people, in in terms of insulin resistance, whether they have insulin resistance, which is the consequence of diet, or not. Over time, who collects the most beta amyloid, this sticky protein in the brain that is associated with Alzheimer's risk? Who collects more beta amyloid?

And it's dramatic how much more amyloid is in the brains of people who are insulin resistant. The reason I mentioned it in the context of our discussion right now is because the amyloid in the brain has really been the focus of the pharmaceutical industry trying to create an Alzheimer's drug. Amyloid does or doesn't play a role, whatever, but

Dr. Mark Hyman
So, like, sticky toffee that comes out

Dr. David Perlmutter
of the brain. But but developing drugs to get rid of amyloid or to keep it from forming in the first place has been the focus of billions of dollars of research. Because if you could get rid of that protein, you'd that might cure Alzheimer's. It doesn't. But the point is that, we can determine on the front end how to lower our risk for developing amyloid in the brain in the first place.

Dr. Mark Hyman
It's a reaction to something. It's a it's It is.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Something that's driving inflammation. That's right. It's an overreaction. It's an overreaction to infection, for example, to herpes simplex virus, to chlamydia, to various, organisms that do in fact colonize the brain.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Of the brain. There is

Dr. David Perlmutter
a microbiome on the brain of the brain. In fact, in a book we have coming out, there's a title, I mean, a chapter dedicated to that from doctor Tanzi's group at Harvard. Yes. So, it is really quite incredible to realize, another slide, series of slides looks at the degree of brain shrinkage if you carry the Alzheimer's gene in comparison to the degree of brain's shrinkage in one year, plotted against your hemoglobin a one c or your average blood sugar. Mhmm.

And it turns out that the rate of shrinkage of your brain is greater with a higher a one c than it is carrying the Alzheimer's gene. You can't change

Dr. Mark Hyman
That's pretty frightening. You can't

Dr. David Perlmutter
change the Alzheimer's gene. If you got it, you've got it.

Dr. Mark Hyman
You can change the expression of the gene.

Dr. David Perlmutter
You can, but you can sure as heck lower your a one c by simply making some dietary changes.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. Low sugar.

Dr. David Perlmutter
You bet. More, carbohydrates in the form of fiber.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And more good fats.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Your gut bacteria, reducing inflammation. But, again, that is the inconvenient truth people don't want to embrace. The ball is very much on your side of the net. It's not up to me on the other side of the net, the doctor to fix this.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Dr. David Perlmutter
It's up to you to hit that ball appropriately with some topspin so that I can return it. You know, give it a good shot. Yeah.

Maria Shriver
Here and here's how to

Dr. David Perlmutter
do it. How? Lower your consumption of simple carbohydrates.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Dr. David Perlmutter
Eat more healthful fat. Eat more dietary fiber. Exercise. Make sure that your sleep is restorative. Really important.

Very much underrate. We spend a third of our lives sleeping or trying to sleep, and we recognize that so much is going on during that activity, which we used to think is simply passive, but that we understand that this is hugely involved in reducing inflammation, in enhancing the brain's ability to take the garbage out through the activity of the lymphatic system, To triage our

Dr. Mark Hyman
daily That's the lymph system of the brain, David talked about the lymphatic system. Which has to work at night.

Dr. David Perlmutter
It works at night. It's got the night shift.

Dr. Mark Hyman
The garbage out of your brain.

Dr. David Perlmutter
So that you're ready to go the next day. And to triage our, day to day experiences and put them where they will be meaningful for us to rely upon in terms of leveraging new information to make decisions. So so under under under under underrated.

Dr. Mark Hyman
The good news is there's a lot of things that we can do, and we know, for example, in Alzheimer's that diet plays a huge role, that exercise plays a role, the nutritional status plays a role, b twelve and vitamin d and methylation. We know that toxins play a role, that the gut microbiome plays a role, that insulin resistance and blood sugar play a role. So these are all modifiable risk factors. People don't think of preventing Alzheimer's. They think of preventing heart disease.

Maria Shriver
Well, I think what's interesting about that is that when I I've been in the kind of Alzheimer's advocacy space for twenty years because my dad was diagnosed in 02/2003, and lifestyle was not a part of the conversation when he was originally diagnosed. And then when as I started researching it as a reporter and started then looking at women and trying to understand what was happening in women, I said, is there anything women is it lifestyle connected? Is there anything we're doing, how we live? Is it menopause? Any of these things that everybody's like, no, no, lifestyle has nothing to do with any of this.

Yeah. Jump to today. In the last five years, there's been a sea change around how we talk about Alzheimer's, about saying now you have people saying, well, maybe half of these cases could be preventable due to lifestyle choices made early on. Right? What you're talking about.

That was when I started, it was only plaques and tangles, plaques and tangles. Right? That's tau, plaques and tangles.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Amyloid. Yeah. It's just basically the stuff that happens in the brain. Right.

Maria Shriver
So good. But but no one spoke about the importance of exercise. Nobody spoke about diet. Nobody spoke about nutrition in the brain. So I think this is a sea change in the Alzheimer's space.

Nobody even talked about prevention No. Of Alzheimer's. We opened the first women's Alzheimer's prevention center at the Cleveland Clinic, and everybody's like, you can't say that? And I was like, why not?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. You absolutely can.

Maria Shriver
Yeah. But now you can.

Dr. Mark Hyman
The data's there. I mean, it's interesting. You know you know the data, but anyway, we've spent billions and billions of dollars on drug discovery for Alzheimer's, all of which have failed miserably in my opinion. Maybe we delay the admission to nursing home by a few months, and that's a grand success. But the only trials that I've seen that really have shown a difference in slowing or even reversing it Mhmm.

Have been aggressive lifestyle intervention trials like the FINGER trial where they use a multimodal intervention of lifestyle, diet, exercise, so forth, and then aggressively treating risk factors. And they showed that they were able to slow or even reverse the cognitive decline. Mhmm. And then Richard Isaacson's work, you know, you know very well. He's he's done a even a more personalized approach where he looks at their biomarkers and Yeah.

Also nutritional levels and customizes and personalized approach to what's going on. And it's had tremendous success compared to, like, what we see in in typical medicine, Dale Bredesen, who also has been doing this. I've treated many Alzheimer's patients. And by doing this, by taking a deep look at their biology and their biomarkers, their nutritional status, their metabolic status, their hormonal status, their toxin levels, their gut health, all of these things we can actually modify and change the trajectory of people's health. And this is really why we created function health was to help people identify things early on and not just kind of wait until something really serious happened.

Maria Shriver
When we talk about women and Alzheimer's. So it disproportionately, as I said, Alzheimer's disproportionately impacts women, but also disproportionately impacts black and brown women. Right? And so so many people don't have access to really what you're talking about. You know, some of these more kind of concierge medicine Mhmm.

Approaches Yeah. Looking at biomarkers and looking at so I'm really interested in how to democratize all of this to make it accessible to people who don't have money, who might be in maternal health deserts, who might be in just health deserts, period. So with the prevention center, I'm always looking at how do we bring this kinda home? How do we bring this, the education to people? How do we bring doctors who can talk about this Yeah.

In a way that people aren't scared? Yeah. I think the conversation I I do a lot of work around how do you speak about

Dr. Mark Hyman
Mhmm.

Maria Shriver
This in a way that people can go, oh, I don't have to be so scared. Oh, maybe I could do this today. Maybe I could do this tomorrow. Bringing it kind of to Main Street is the challenge.

Dr. Mark Hyman
I think it's right. I mean, we need to democratize the information out there because it's not, there's a lack of information or knowledge or scientific evidence. It's just that it hasn't been presented to the public in a way that they can access and use, and they have to go through the firewall of the healthcare system and the doctor who is not to his or her detriment has not been trained. My daughter's in medical school now. I'm like, Rachel, have you learned about insulin resistance or microbiome or nutrition or toxins?

Like, no, like the things that actually matter most

Maria Shriver
Or women's health

Dr. Mark Hyman
or menopause. Right.

Maria Shriver
But this is why I think, you know, when I talk about women's health, it starts by also changing the way medicine is taught in schools. It's by incorporating, so many doctors said, Well, I had an hour about menopause. I never even talked about perimenopause, much less postmenopausal women. That was not even in the textbook. So you're talking about a sea change, not only with doctors who are practicing, but for those coming into the space.

And then also when we talk about women's health or when we talk about Alzheimer's, getting people interested in working in that space, in the geriatric space. Right? Geriatric psychiatrist.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Maria Shriver
Geriatric doctors. It's not young people going to it's not sexy. They're going into orthopedics.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Like my daughter. That's what she wants to do. Orthopedics. Right.

Maria Shriver
Because that's where the money is. Right? And so this is a challenge on so many levels. It's a challenge on how do we talk about it, how do we bring it home to Main Street, how do we change medical schools, how do we bring doctors who are working up to date?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Maria Shriver
How do we make it enticing to go into this space as we're an aging country?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Maria Shriver
You know, in California, I did a big report for Gavin Newsom about what does California, which is an aging state, you don't think of California that way, what do we need to do to be ready for the tsunami of baby boomers Yeah. Who are gonna get Alzheimer's and dementia. Right? We're not ready. We're not ready as a nation.

We don't have caregivers, which also disproportionately falls on women. So I think it's a exciting space to be in, but it's an urgent space.

Dr. Mark Hyman
It is. Yeah. It's a really urgent space. Kinda why why we've created Function Healthless is to democratize access to people's own health data

Dr. David Perlmutter
Yeah.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And make it very low cost, you know, for $4.99 a year, you get over a 10 biomarkers and testing twice a year to track your numbers and see what's going on. And and in that data, you get empowered with not only just the information about what's going on, but you get empowered with insights and actionable steps to actually improve things.

Maria Shriver
That's the key.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And things that your doctor may not know. So we're taking all the scientific evidence, all the expert knowledge extracted from all the world's top experts, both traditional and functional medicine, and and helping create a personalized guide for how you can uplevel your health and what you need to do to explore if there's different issues going on. So I think $4.99 is still a fair bit of money.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
But it's it's certainly a lot less than people spend, for example, on coffee. Usually, every day is, like, a dollar.

Maria Shriver
I saw in there that you have, like, you could gift it.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah.

Maria Shriver
Right? I was like, oh, okay. Well, that's, actually something that's an interesting Yeah. Concept. By the time you finish buying somebody flowers or coffee, you could add a coffee for you for the next time.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So it's really about empowering people to help data and and even people like you who are, you know, super active and powerful and doing stuff in the world and energetic. There's always little stuff that you find that

Maria Shriver
That you can fine tune. Yeah. Absolutely. Yeah. That's what I'm curious about.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So when we did your test, we found some good news. Right? You're

Maria Shriver
Yeah. Let's start with the good news. The good news is you're gonna die right now.

Dr. Mark Hyman
You're not gonna die yet Yeah. In this moment. And you're six year plus younger than your frontal lobe weight.

Maria Shriver
That to be better.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. So you're an overachiever. I got it.

Maria Shriver
Yes. Well, I wanna be I have grandchildren. Yeah. I have, you know, adult children, and I wanna be around for them. And I don't I think that's the other thing watching a parent or two parent my mother ended up with lots of strokes too later in life, and I think being a caregiver for two parents is a lot

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. It's a lot.

Maria Shriver
Emotionally, financially, physically, spiritually, in every way. Right? And then I think once you've watched that up close, you think about yourself. And if you have children, you think about, okay. Well

Dr. Mark Hyman
How do I keep myself healthy?

Maria Shriver
Keep myself so that my children

Dr. Mark Hyman
Don't have to do that.

Maria Shriver
Don't have to do that. Maybe they're not capable of doing that, or maybe they don't have the money to do that, or maybe they're not in the same town. There's all these things. So I think to myself, how can I be as independent for as long as I can, be as strong as I can? So when I go to the gym now, actually, I say to the trainer, I said, give me an exercise that can help me with my overhead compartment in the in the plane.

Yeah. I wanna lift the bag in the overhead compartment. Right. Give me an exercise. I have a granddaughter who weighs thirty some pounds.

Dr. Mark Hyman
You wanna pick her up?

Maria Shriver
Give me I wanna pick her up. I wanna walk around with her. Yeah. I don't wanna say when she says, mama g, lift me up. Lift me up.

I don't wanna go, oh, you I can't. I wanna be able to lift her up, and then the next one up and the next one. So when I go to the gym today, I'm looking for

Dr. Mark Hyman
To be functional.

Maria Shriver
To be functional. Yeah. To be able to be strong for those things, to be independent for my kids so that they're not overwhelmed because I found it overwhelming Mhmm. To be a caregiver. Yeah.

Dr. Mark Hyman
I mean, it's hard. And I think, you know, what you're talking about also is how do we prevent those things that actually are preventable? Like, Alzheimer's is preventable. Heart disease is preventable. Diabetes is preventable.

So many of the things we see, autoimmune disease is preventable, but people don't know what's going on under the hood until it's too late. So we found that you're six years younger, which is great, and you can get younger.

Maria Shriver
Oh, yeah. We're going back to my test now. Right? We're gonna go to the bad news now. My son said, you're not really gonna talk about your own blood tests on the thing, are you?

I was like, yeah. Yeah. Actually, I think I am.

Dr. Mark Hyman
But Well, it's empowering for other people to hear because people are walking around thinking they're fine. So we didn't find anything really terrible, and you're 61 years old biologically, which is good.

Maria Shriver
That's okay.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And you could get younger. I I just got a year younger in the last five months by doing a whole bunch of things based on my own function results. So I was able to sort of optimize my health just learning. How old

Maria Shriver
were you on your results?

Dr. Mark Hyman
53.

Maria Shriver
50 three.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. So

Maria Shriver
Wow. Now

Dr. Mark Hyman
there's different biomarker tests for aging, but you wanna look at all these things because they reflect really what's going on under the hood.

Maria Shriver
And and we found You can get me to 50.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. The other thing, you know, Marie, is that your family history is significant. Right? You have a history of maybe, you know, celiac or autoimmune disease with your mom's stomach.

Maria Shriver
Yep.

Dr. Mark Hyman
You know, certainly your uncle had that and your cousin has that, and we know it's in an Irish family. So right there, somebody should be looking at autoimmunity, at gluten, and things that are not normally checked on a regular panel. And we we did find some things. Also, you know, your family history of Alzheimer's concerning, and we wanna make sure that the things that tend to promote Alzheimer's are not showing up in your blood test. Right?

We wanna look at your b vitamin levels. We wanna look at something called homocysteine. We wanna look at inflammation. We wanna look at your metabolic health like insulin resistance, and these are things that are not usually checked on your annual physical. So when you went to your doctor, they said your tests are, quote, normal.

Looking at 20 or 30 things, you know, we looked at over a 10 things on your labs.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And a few things popped up. One was you have low levels of inflammation. Now inflammation is one of the things that drives Alzheimer's. Yes. We know that Right.

Alzheimer's is a disease of inflammation in the brain, just as almost all chronic diseases, heart disease, diabetes, cancer.

Maria Shriver
So why would I have low levels of inflammation?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Higher levels.

Maria Shriver
I have higher.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Higher levels than we've

Maria Shriver
actually don't have low.

Dr. Mark Hyman
No. So you want low. You want something called c reactive protein. Again, a test not normally checked. It should be under one.

Right. Yours is 1.4. Not terrible, but it's like a trend. Right? I don't want you to have that.

Maria Shriver
I don't wanna be on that trend.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And and we also saw this low level of autoimmunity. Now why you have this autoimmune marker? It doesn't mean you have an autoimmune disease. It just means you have this low grade autoimmunity, which means your body is somehow attacking itself. And then we can figure out why.

Right? Yeah. It may be something you're eating and maybe gluten and maybe heavy metals and maybe things that if left untreated could progress and lead to more serious inflammation in your body and

Maria Shriver
But we don't know what it is.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And we can find out. Like, we had, for example, you had high levels of mercury that were from probably eating fish. You know, people eat a lot of fish. Yeah. They think it's healthy.

Maria Shriver
Yes.

Dr. Mark Hyman
But all our oceans are polluted. So mercury is a big, for example, factor.

Maria Shriver
I had high levels of mercury? Mhmm.

Dr. Mark Hyman
You did.

Maria Shriver
Oh my gosh. I thought I had low levels

Dr. Mark Hyman
of mercury. Your level range on the lab reference range according to Quest is zero to 10, but there's no biological requirement for mercury. There's no safe level of mercury. It's a neurotoxin.

Maria Shriver
Okay.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So no more swordfish. It's no more swordfish. It's no more tuna. Favorite. I don't

Maria Shriver
know. I love tuna, but I do

Dr. Mark Hyman
love some stuff. Worst. Swordfish shark, worst.

Maria Shriver
Oh, I'm I'm not a big I don't like shark

Dr. Mark Hyman
I know.

Maria Shriver
At all.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So that's not an issue. I know. I know you you have spent

Maria Shriver
time at camp. The IV?

Dr. Mark Hyman
Oh, yeah. Sartfish is is so high.

Maria Shriver
Hurt me. This is gonna be a hard

Dr. Mark Hyman
show for me. Giving up, the risk of Alzheimer's, you might wanna give up Sartfish.

Maria Shriver
Okay. Sartfish. Bye bye.

Dr. Mark Hyman
But the high mercury, for example, is is yours was nine and, you know, 10 is the limit, but nine isn't good. The normal level is zero. And so we don't know what's stored in your body. We need to look at that. These are things that are not checked.

Like, for example, heavy metals are not checked in your

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
General checkup, but they should be right because they're risk factors for autoimmunity, for Alzheimer's, for fatigue. And some of these things you were just mentioning me, low grade fatigue. Well, no. Yeah. You're busy running around, but maybe it's not normal.

Like if your body was working properly, you should have energy to do whatever you want. Right. You know, and I think, you know, I'm turned 65 this year, and I I just last month, I went to Patagonia and I climbed a mountain. It was 15 miles. It was a mile straight up and miles straight down and took, you know, thirteen hours, and I was able to do it.

Maria Shriver
Look at you.

Dr. Mark Hyman
I know. But but we should be able to do that. That. Our bodies can do that, but if we don't optimize them, they don't, we send a decline. So we want to look at factors that may be triggering some of this low grade inflammation.

And for me, it's a, it's a red flag. If you have a family history of Alzheimer's and you've already done your APOE testing, which test did you have? Which

Maria Shriver
Well, actually, Richard Isaacson did it. So I don't know which test he did.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Did you I mean, did you have APOE four?

Maria Shriver
No. I don't.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So you didn't have the Alzheimer's team, which is really good, but a lot of people who get Alzheimer's don't.

Maria Shriver
Correct. So it

Dr. Mark Hyman
may not be just that, but there may be other factors. So I really wanna look at that. You also said, you know, I'm a little tired and maybe I have as much energy, and I saw your iron levels were low.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So I need

Maria Shriver
to eat more meat.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So maybe you need to eat more meat or maybe we need to think about if you're losing blood somewhere and it, you know, could be a sign of, you know, that you need a colonoscopy or

Maria Shriver
I just had a colonoscopy.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So that was clean. That's great. So you don't if you're not having vaginal bleeding.

Maria Shriver
Nope. So

Dr. Mark Hyman
then I wonder, you know, maybe you're you're not having proper absorption in your gut. Maybe you do have a little bit of gluten sensitivity. Maybe you do have

Maria Shriver
I definitely have some feeling of gluten sensitivity.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. So this is, again, this is something that we we need to dig deep in. And then if we find, oh, probably the reason for your iron deficiency Mhmm. And your elevated inflammation and this low grade autoimmunity with an ANA is maybe because you're gluten sensitive, not full celiac, but enough Yeah.

Maria Shriver
Tested for celiac. Yeah. No.

Dr. Mark Hyman
But enough that it creates a little bit of damage to your gut and you're not absorbing things. So these are the things that are super fixable. So I'd say, don't eat fish. Let's get your body to detox for mercury. Let's get you off gluten, see what happens.

Let's retest your test and see how they're doing. So there's really powerful things we found in your labs.

Maria Shriver
Okay. So I'm gonna come back. We're gonna retest all of these things. We're gonna change it. I'm gonna come back and see how old I am and whether I

Dr. Mark Hyman
We're gonna get you younger.

Maria Shriver
Actually We're gonna get you under better on my blood test.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. We need you under 60. Under 60.

Maria Shriver
Under 60.

Dr. Mark Hyman
I want you under 60. I want

Maria Shriver
to get to 50.

Dr. Mark Hyman
We'll get you to 50.

Maria Shriver
Yes. In my mind, I'm, like, 45.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Yeah. Well, I did another test, that's a different scale. We can do that for you too. It it grades it differently, but I'm 43 on that test. So I'm I'm happy about that.

That's that's the number I try to use, but 53 is this other calculus that is is based on the when we do with function health. But the other thing we found, Maria, is, you know, and this was a little surprising. Could you're traveling dehydrated maybe? Yes. But your kidney function was just slightly off.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And so this is something that is going on in our society that can be caused by many factors. It can be caused by inflammation, autoimmunity, heavy metals, obviously, high blood pressure, diabetes. You don't have those.

Maria Shriver
No. But

Dr. Mark Hyman
you have low blood pressure.

Maria Shriver
Yes.

Dr. Mark Hyman
And so those things often need to be addressed. And so we're we're finding things early

Maria Shriver
Mhmm.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So that we can do something about it, and you're not gonna end up having some problem with your kidneys later on.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So it's not No. I don't want that. And you didn't even know that.

Dr. Heather Sandison
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Right? So these are the things we were finding on on the function health panels that allow people to become empowered, and then you get guidelines on exactly how to fix it and when to go to the doctor. So, for example, for the kidney function, I might say, gee. In the recommendations, you need to go see a kidney specialist just to double check what's going on.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
So we we really have learned all these things.

Maria Shriver
I I always wonder, like, you know, a lot of times you do this, and then they're like, go to this doctor, go to this doctor,

Dr. David Perlmutter
go to

Maria Shriver
this, and I'm like, oy. Yeah. You know? Then it's like it's a time issue, but I know that it's I mean, I will do it.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Well, there's certain things that are really important, but most of the things, I would say 80% of things we find, people can take care of on their own. Right?

Maria Shriver
Okay. That's right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Recommend, you know, do you need to do maybe a a different kind of gluten sensitivity test? You maybe need to do a different heavy metal test. We need to look at why you're losing iron, if it's something that's losing or maybe it's just your diet. So we would fix these things. We saw your vitamin d was a little bit low.

So it's just really tweaking things, and I think your energy level will come up. You'll feel better. You'll feel stronger. Your brain will be clear. And more importantly, you know, we're gonna mitigate the risks of you ending up with the same issues that your dad had.

Maria Shriver
Yeah. No. I don't want that.

Dr. Mark Hyman
What's really interesting now is and soon we're gonna be offering this on the function health panel. There's even blood tests where you can detect in the blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's years and years before you ever have a symptom.

Maria Shriver
So people always talk about that. You know, do you wanna know if you have the Alzheimer's gene? Do you wanna know if you can find it? Because then what? As long as we have no cure, is that actually gonna freak people out?

Is that gonna, you know, be helpful in any way? And I think this is a debate going on with doctors. Yeah. Right? Goes on.

I hear it a lot

Dr. Mark Hyman
Right.

Maria Shriver
That people are like, I don't wanna know. That's not gonna be helpful to me until we find a cure Yeah. Which I totally also understand.

Dr. Mark Hyman
It's true, Maria, if you're operating from the traditional medical paradigm where drugs are the solution.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
But if you actually look at the data around Alzheimer's or heart disease or diabetes or or cancer, most of these conditions are lifestyle driven conditions. So there's really significant things you can do with your diet, with exercise, sleep, stress management, nutritional supplements, fixing your microbiome, dealing with heavy metals. There's so many things you can do to lower your risk, and it's all data driven. It's not like the data isn't out there.

Maria Shriver
Right.

Dr. Mark Hyman
Right. Takes decades for scientific discoveries to actually be implemented into medical practice. If you love this podcast, please share it with someone else you think would also enjoy it. You can find me on all social media channels at doctor Mark Hyman. Please reach out.

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This podcast is separate from my clinical practice at the Ultra Wellness Center, my work at Cleveland Clinic, and Function Health where I am chief medical officer. This podcast represents my opinions and my guests' opinions. Neither myself nor the podcast endorses the views or statements of my guests. This podcast is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional care by a doctor or other qualified medical professional. This podcast is provided with the understanding that it does not constitute medical or other professional advice or services.

If you're looking for help in your journey, please seek out a qualified medical practitioner. And if you're looking for a functional medicine practitioner, visit my clinic, the Ultra Wellness Center at UltraWellnessCenter.com, and request to become a patient. It's important to have someone in your corner who is a trained, licensed health care practitioner and can help you make changes, especially when it comes to your health.